Analysis of the Economic and Environmental Consequences of the Transition to Electric Transport Using Renewable Energy Sources in Ukraine

Abstract

The relevance of this study is driven by the urgent need to implement technologies that promote the decarbonization of the economy and enhance the state's energy security.

The aim of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the economic and environmental impacts of the transition to electric transport powered by renewable energy sources, considering Ukraine's specific development conditions, and to identify strategic directions and optimal pathways for implementing this transformation in the context of sustainable development.

The research methodology includes the use of economic analysis methods to assess the potential costs and benefits of implementing electric transport, environmental impact analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing harmful emissions, comparative analysis to identify best practices, and scenario modeling of the development of charging infrastructure and Ukraine's energy system.

The results of the study indicate that the transition to electric transport can have significant economic advantages, including reduced fuel costs, decreased dependence on oil imports, the creation of new jobs in the electric transport manufacturing sector, and the development of charging infrastructure. Additionally, electric transport can positively impact the environmental situation by reducing air pollution levels in cities and decreasing the incidence of respiratory diseases. However, there are significant challenges, such as high initial costs for purchasing electric vehicles, the need for substantial investments in the development of charging infrastructure, the modernization of power grids to support increased electricity demand, and the lack of a clear and comprehensive regulatory framework to govern these processes.

Based on the research findings, recommendations have been formulated for the implementation of financial incentives for consumers and businesses investing in electric transport and renewable energy. Moreover, significant investments are needed in the development of a national network of charging stations, especially in remote and rural areas, as well as regulatory reforms to support the use of electric transport and the integration of renewable energy sources. Raising public awareness about the benefits of electric transport through educational programs and information campaigns is also a key success factor.

Further research prospects focus on exploring optimal ways to integrate renewable energy sources into Ukraine's national energy system, as well as developing effective approaches to managing economic, technological, and environmental challenges associated with the transition to electric transport.