The role of railway transport in ensuring Ukraine's economic security in the context of global challenges

Abstract

Railway transport is a key element of Ukraine’s economic security, ensuring the continuity of logistics processes and contributing to the development of the national economy. In the modern context of global challenges, such as economic instability, geopolitical risks, the technical deterioration of infrastructure, and the need for integration into international transport corridors, the role of railway transport is significantly increasing. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the railway sector on Ukraine’s economic security, assess the current state of infrastructure, and develop recommendations for its modernization, digitalization, and investment attraction. The study employs a comprehensive methodological approach, including statistical data analysis, international experience comparison, and economic-mathematical modelling. The primary data sources include official reports from "Ukrzaliznytsia," the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine, analytical studies from international organizations, and scientific publications. Statistical analysis has made it possible to assess the level of railway transport digitalization, the extent of rolling stock deterioration, and the volume of capital investments in infrastructure modernization. A comparative analysis of global railway transport development practices (EU, China, USA) has helped identify effective management solutions and technological innovations that can be adapted to Ukraine’s conditions. Economic-mathematical modelling has allowed for an assessment of the potential impact of investments in railway infrastructure on freight turnover growth, reduction of operating costs, and overall transport efficiency improvement. The study confirms the necessity of a comprehensive modernization of railway infrastructure, which is a strategically important task for ensuring Ukraine’s economic security. The obtained results can be used for the development of state programs for railway transport improvement, adaptation of international experience, and implementation of modern technological solutions. Further research may focus on a detailed analysis of railway sector financing mechanisms, an assessment of the environmental modernization of transport, and an exploration of Ukraine’s prospects for integration into international logistics chains.