Structural analysis of Ukraine’s regional energy security in the context of reducing dependence on fossil fuels

Abstract

The issue of regional energy security of Ukraine is gaining particular importance in the context of growing geopolitical risks, instability of energy markets, and the need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The transition to sustainable energy sources is a key factor in ensuring energy independence and stable economic development of the country’s regions. The purpose of the study is to conduct a structural analysis of the regional energy security of Ukraine, determine the level of dependence on traditional energy resources, and justify ways to reduce it through the introduction of renewable energy sources and energy-efficient technologies. Methods. The work uses statistical analysis of the energy balance of regions, correlation and regression analysis to assess the relationship between the level of energy dependence and economic indicators, as well as SWOT analysis to determine prospects and threats in the field of energy security. The study showed that the regional energy security of Ukraine is characterized by significant disparities. Regions with access to their own energy resources demonstrate higher resilience to external risks, while regions critically dependent on imported energy resources face serious economic and social challenges. The analysis showed that high levels of fossil fuel consumption, in particular natural gas and coal, remain typical for most regions, despite the active development of alternative energy. Investments in solar, wind, and bioenergy have significant potential, but existing barriers, including lack of financing, underdeveloped infrastructure, and imperfect regulation, slow down this process. The results of the study confirm the need to strengthen state support for regional initiatives to introduce “green” energy, develop infrastructure for distributed generation, and reduce dependence on centralized sources of supply. It is also important to integrate regional energy strategies into national policies to create a unified energy security management system. Further research may be aimed at developing predictive models of energy security taking into account climatic, economic, and political factors, as well as assessing the effectiveness of public policies to stimulate green energy and increase the energy sustainability of regions.