Effective Models of Agricultural Production Support Worldwide and Prospects for Ukraine

Abstract

The article examines the models of state regulation of agricultural production in the European Union and North American countries to determine the possibilities of their adaptation to the conditions of Ukraine during martial law and subsequent recovery. Ukrainian agriculture plays a key role in the country's economy, ensuring food security, export potential, and employment. The full-scale war has caused significant losses in the agricultural sector, which necessitates the introduction of effective state support mechanisms. The study provides a comparative analysis of the models of state regulation of the agricultural sector implemented in the EU, the USA, and Canada. The main instruments of support identified include direct financial assistance, agricultural insurance, concessional lending, stimulation of innovation, and development of agricultural science. Particular attention is paid to assessing the possibilities of borrowing and adapting these instruments in the Ukrainian context. The risks of their implementation are considered, including budgetary limitations, uneven access to resources, low level of integration of science into production, and limited institutional capacity. The article proposes directions for improving the state policy in the field of agricultural support, which include the development of the insurance market, expanding access to credit resources for small and medium-sized producers, investments in innovation, and agricultural education. The results of the study have practical implications for the formation of a balanced model of state regulation that will contribute to the sustainability, productivity, and competitiveness of Ukraine’s agricultural sector during recovery.