Economic Analysis of the Implementation of Alternative Energy Sources in Maritime Transport Enterprises

Abstract

Given the growing environmental challenges and the urgent need for decarbonization in the transport sector, the implementation of alternative energy sources in the maritime industry is becoming increasingly relevant. This article explores the economic aspects of using renewable energy sources (RES) in maritime transport enterprises, particularly in the operations of ports and shipping companies. Special attention is paid to the analysis of solar energy as one of the most promising directions for the industry. Other types of RES, such as wind, bioenergy, and wave energy, are outlined as subjects for future research.

The article aims to provide an economic justification for the feasibility of implementing alternative energy sources in maritime transport enterprises, identify potential benefits and risks of this transition, and analyze its impact on operational efficiency under conditions of energy transformation and international environmental commitments.

Methods. The research employs comparative and structural-logical analysis, cost-benefit assessment, elements of a systems approach, as well as the analysis of international experience and legislative frameworks related to renewable energy development.

Results. The findings show that the implementation of alternative energy solutions – particularly solar energy – helps reduce operational costs, increase vessel energy efficiency, lower energy dependence, and cut emissions of harmful substances. Case studies of renewable energy use on vessels (such as Energy Observer and Auriga Leader) demonstrate up to 40% reduction in fuel consumption and 10–25% decrease in CO₂ emissions. Port infrastructure (examples include Hamburg, Muga, and Los Angeles) shows a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 20–25% and up to 30% savings on electricity costs due to the use of solar power. Key barriers to broader adoption in Ukraine include high upfront investment costs, limited state support, and an underdeveloped regulatory environment.

Conclusions. The use of alternative energy sources – especially solar energy—in maritime transport enterprises is economically viable and strategically justified. With proper government policy, international cooperation, and investment support, the expansion of green energy practices in Ukrainian ports and shipping can contribute to sector modernization, reduced environmental impact, and achievement of sustainable development goals.