Innovative activity of enterprises as a driver of economic growth in the context of globalization

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to systematize the theoretical foundations and practical aspects of the impact of innovative activity on economic growth, to identify the key factors that contribute to or hinder the innovation-driven development of enterprises in the global economy, and to develop a comprehensive model of interaction between innovation processes and economic growth at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels. The methodological basis of the study is grounded in a systems approach, methods of economic analysis, synthesis and generalization, as well as comparative analysis of international experience. The research draws on the works of domestic and foreign scholars, statistical data from international organizations, reports of leading innovation companies, and data from national statistical services. The results of the study demonstrate that innovative activity of enterprises has a multiplier effect on economic growth, increasing labor productivity by 15–25%, boosting competitiveness, and generating new markets with a total value exceeding $2 trillion annually. It was found that under globalization, the success of innovative activity depends on the quality of the institutional environment, the level of R&D investment, the development of human capital, and international technology transfer. The study proves that digital transformation has become a dominant factor in modern innovation processes, contributing up to 40% of innovation productivity growth. The conclusions confirm the critically important role of innovative activity in ensuring sustainable economic growth in the long term. A three-tier model of enterprise innovation development is proposed, taking into account the specifics of global challenges and opportunities, including digital transformation, environmental imperatives, and social innovation. The practical significance of the work lies in the development of specific recommendations for shaping national innovation policy and enterprise development strategies, including mechanisms for stimulating innovation activity, developing innovation clusters, and fostering international technological cooperation.