Multilevel models of blockchain infrastructure management in the field of settlements and payments

Abstract

In the context of the rapid integration of blockchain solutions into the financial sector, the issue of combining decentralised architecture with the requirements of control, cybersecurity, and compliance in various segments of the financial sector is particularly relevant. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the theoretical foundations and develop scientific and methodological approaches to building effective multi-level models of blockchain infrastructure management in the fields of settlements and payments, taking into account the requirements of cybersecurity, operational stability, and regulatory compatibility. The research methodology is based on the use of system, functional, and comparative analysis, structural modeling methods, and financial cybernetics approaches. To identify problems of interaction between participants in payment ecosystems within a decentralised environment, methods of empirical generalisation and institutional analysis were employed.

The study found that the implementation of blockchain solutions affects the efficiency, speed, and security of payment processes, particularly by modifying transaction verification mechanisms and reducing the need for intermediaries. The main factors hindering the development of such systems are identified: regulatory uncertainty regarding the status of smart contracts and tokenised assets, technical incompatibility between protocols on private and public networks, and the increased risk of cyber threats in decentralised environments. The key parameters that determine the functioning of a multi-level management system include: transparency of consensus mechanisms, the presence of built-in audit procedures, the balance between node autonomy and regulatory oversight, as well as the integration of compliance tools and digital user identification. Conceptual approaches to forming a management model that combines technological decentralisation with centralised control mechanisms, ensuring compliance with international financial security standards, are proposed. Prospects for further research include modelling indicators of the effectiveness of integrated management of blockchain networks, developing a methodology for assessing the economic impact of implementing decentralised payment systems, and analysing the effects of central bank digital currencies on the architecture of the national financial infrastructure.