Models of Digital Transformation of Port Activities in the World Practice and Adaptation to the Conditions of Ukraine

Abstract

The article establishes that the digital transformation of port activities is a key area for improving the efficiency of logistics systems, integration into global transport chains and ensuring the competitiveness of Ukrainian ports. The relevance of the study is due to the large-scale challenges faced by the port industry of Ukraine, in particular in the context of a full-scale war, which has significantly complicated access to ports, disrupted export flows and caused the destruction of infrastructure. In these circumstances, the introduction of modern digital technologies, such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, digital twins and the Internet of Things, is recognised as critical to optimising logistics processes, reducing costs and restoring the efficient operation of ports.

The purpose of the study is to analyse modern models of digital transformation in the world practice, identify the main problems of digitalisation of Ukrainian ports and develop recommendations for the implementation of innovative solutions that will facilitate their recovery and development. The study uses the methods of system analysis and comparative approach to assess digital technologies in international practice.

The study found that the main barriers to digitalisation are institutional, economic and technical problems. They include the lack of a unified national digitalisation strategy, insufficient funding, low investment attractiveness of the industry, and outdated port infrastructure. It is found that a full-scale war has significantly exacerbated these challenges, creating additional obstacles in the form of port destruction, blockade of sea routes, and logistical risks. At the same time, it is noted that digitalisation offers significant potential for increasing transparency, automating processes, reducing the impact of the human factor and reducing the environmental burden.

The conclusions emphasise the need to implement a comprehensive strategy for the digitalisation of port operations, including infrastructure modernisation, development of digital competencies of personnel, and creation of innovative platforms for monitoring and managing logistics processes. It is recommended that special attention be paid to stimulating investment through public-private partnerships and the integration of international experience.

Prospects for further research include the development of models for sustainable port recovery, a detailed analysis of the impact of digital technologies on the socio-economic development of regions, and an assessment of the long-term environmental effects of the digitalisation of port activities. It is noted that these aspects will provide the basis for the strategic development of the Ukrainian port industry in the post-war period.