State policy of attracting investments in the development of industrial parks in the context of structural modernization of the Ukrainian economy

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to study the state policy of attracting investments in the development of industrial parks of Ukraine and to determine their role in the processes of structural modernization and post-war restoration of the national economy. The following general scientific and special methods were used in the research process: analysis and synthesis - to generalize scientific approaches to the formation of industrial parks; comparative analysis - to highlight international experience in mechanisms for state stimulation of the development of industrial parks; statistical analysis - to assess the current state of functioning of industrial parks; systemic approach - to assess the effectiveness of mechanisms for state support of industrial parks in Ukraine in 2022-2026; logical generalization - to formulate proposals for improving the state policy of attracting investments in the development of industrial parks. Results: It was found that the process of institutionalization of industrial parks began in Ukraine in 2006, but by 2022 their development was characterized by stagnation. The activation in the field of industrial parks occurred after the introduction of a number of tax and customs incentives in 2022, the adoption in 2023 of the Strategy for the Development of Industrial Parks until 2030, and the adoption of a program of state incentives for the creation and operation of industrial parks. The mechanisms of state support for the development of industrial parks in the Czech Republic, Poland, South Korea, and Ukraine are analyzed. It is concluded that the tax incentives and financial support introduced by the state contributed to the growth of the number of industrial parks in 2023-2025, however, their impact on the structural modernization of the national economy remains limited, since more than half of the attracted investments are directed to low- and medium-tech sectors, which creates risks of leveling the potential of industrial parks in the formation of a progressive sectoral structure of the Ukrainian economy. It is proposed to introduce a system of criteria for differentiating industrial parks by level in accordance with strategic priorities of economic development, as well as to apply a flexible approach to determining benefits, taking into account regional characteristics and the consequences of military operations.