Theoretical and practical aspects of the development of the solar energy market and its impact on the competitiveness of the national economy

Abstract

The article examines current trends in the development of the solar energy market and determines its impact on the competitiveness of the national economy in the context of globalization, energy transformation and increased environmental requirements. The dynamics of the development of solar energy as one of the key segments of renewable energy, which forms a new structure of the energy balance of countries and contributes to the transition to a low-carbon economy, are analyzed. It is additionally emphasized that the growth of the share of solar generation stimulates the modernization of energy infrastructure and the implementation of intelligent energy systems. The advantages of using solar energy for enterprises and the state are considered, in particular, a significant reduction in costs for traditional energy resources, an increase in the level of energy independence and diversification of energy supply sources, a reduction in the negative impact on the environment, as well as stimulating innovative development of the economy and the formation of new markets for "green" energy. It is especially emphasized that the development of solar energy contributes to increasing the country's investment attractiveness, the development of regional economies and the creation of additional jobs in high-tech sectors. Its role in increasing the resilience of the national energy system to external shocks and fluctuations in energy prices is also noted.

Particular attention is paid to the problems of the industry's functioning, including the instability of regulatory and legal support, high capital intensity of projects, insufficient level of development of energy infrastructure, limited integration into the energy system and significant dependence on imported equipment and technologies. The problem of insufficient level of domestic production of components, weak innovation infrastructure and shortage of qualified personnel in the field of renewable energy, which slows down the pace of development of the industry, is also identified.

The need for strengthening state support for the development of innovative technologies in the field of renewable energy, improving financing mechanisms, introducing stimulating investment instruments (in particular, tax breaks, "green" tariffs and grant programs), as well as the development of public-private partnership is substantiated. Additionally, the importance of developing the scientific and research base, supporting start-ups in the field of "green" energy, and integrating Ukraine into the European energy market is emphasized. The implementation of these measures is considered a key factor in economic growth, increasing energy security, innovative development, and long-term competitiveness of the national economy.