Modern methods of evaluating energy efficiency of the economy: comparative analysis and prospects of implementation in Ukraine

Abstract

The article considers different approaches to assessing the energy efficiency of the economy in the context of global challenges to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve energy efficiency. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of traditional and modern methods, such as DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), stochastic marginal analysis, life cycle analysis (LCA), general equilibrium modeling and decomposition analysis. The article considers specific methods that can be useful for improving energy efficiency at the level of enterprises and the national economy. The DEA method stands out for its ability to analyze the efficiency of resource use, taking into account multiple input and output parameters. Stochastic Frontier Analysis helps to identify reserves for improving efficiency, which is especially important for energy-intensive sectors. The LCA method focuses on the need to assess energy efficiency taking into account the full life cycle of products or processes. The article notes the importance of using general equilibrium modeling to analyze the impact of energy policy on the economy. The authors also note that decomposition analysis allows for a detailed study of the factors influencing changes in energy efficiency. The article emphasizes the importance of developing data collection and analysis systems for the implementation of modern assessment methods. The authors emphasize the need to adapt these methods to Ukrainian conditions, taking into account the specifics of the national economy. The introduction of modern methods of energy efficiency assessment will contribute to the optimization of energy resource use in Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the importance of international cooperation in the field of energy efficiency. The latest scientific works are analyzed, systematizing the methods of energy efficiency assessment and emphasizing the importance of adapting these methods to national characteristics. Attention is paid to integration with European standards and achieving sustainable development goals. Challenges associated with limited data availability and the need to implement analytics systems are separately indicated.