Transformation of social-labor processes of transnational corporations (TNCs) in the context of Industry 4.0 and 5.0: challenges and opportunities for employees and employers

Abstract

The relevance of the research is driven by the necessity for employees and employers to adapt to rapidly changing technological conditions that impact labor organization, social relations, and competitiveness in the global market. The purpose of the article is to examine the transformation of social and labor processes in transnational corporations (TNCs) under the influence of Industries 4.0 and 5.0, to identify its main characteristics, challenges, and opportunities for employees and employers, and to develop recommendations for effective adaptation to these new conditions. The study applies general scientific and specific methods, including systems analysis, the method of scientific abstraction, comparative, structural-functional, synergistic, quantitative-qualitative, and informational approaches, as well as tabular methods for data visualization. These methods enabled the assessment of the dynamics of social and labor transformations in TNCs within the context of Industries 4.0 and 5.0 as part of a complex global information system. The article highlights key changes brought about by digitalization, automation, and the introduction of human-centric approaches to labor organization. It analyzes examples of adaptation by leading TNCs (Siemens, Amazon, Google, Tesla) to new conditions through automation, the implementation of flexible employment models, environmentally-oriented programs, and sustainable development initiatives. Modern employment models and the transformation of skills and competencies shaped by industrial influence are outlined, directly reflecting the demand of TNCs for specialists in specific professions. The study’s results and conclusions focus on recommendations for TNCs to invest in retraining programs, support worker well-being, and foster an innovative corporate culture. The transformation of social and labor processes is viewed as a necessary step for TNCs to adapt to global challenges and maintain labor market competitiveness.