The role of the green economy in achieving sustainable development goals: challenges and prospects

Abstract

Modern global challenges, in particular climate change, depletion of natural resources, biodiversity degradation and social inequality, require new approaches to economic development. The green economy is a promising model that contributes to the harmonious combination of economic growth, social well-being and environmental sustainability. Its implementation is crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, which justifies the relevance of the study. The purpose of the study is to analyze the conceptual foundations of the green economy, study its relationship with the Sustainable Development Goals, study the practices of implementing the green economy in different countries of the world and determine the prospects for its further development, taking into account global trends, national characteristics and the need for innovative approaches to natural resource management. To achieve this goal, a set of scientific methods was used, in particular: theoretical analysis to determine the conceptual foundations of the green economy; comparative analysis to study implementation practices in developed and developing countries; a predictive method to assess the prospects for the development of the green economy, taking into account current global trends. Results. The study substantiates that the green economy is an effective tool for achieving the SDGs, especially in terms of preserving natural resources, developing renewable energy sources and creating environmentally friendly jobs. The study of green economy implementation practices showed that developed countries focus on innovation, energy efficiency and circular economy, while developing countries focus on the availability of renewable energy sources and the restoration of degraded ecosystems. It was found that the key factors for success are political support, international cooperation and financing of «green» projects. Conclusions. The green economy has significant potential for solving global problems of an environmental, economic and social nature. Its further development depends on the introduction of innovative technologies, adaptation to local conditions and integration of efforts at the national and international levels.