Social Policy of the State under Conditions of Decentralization and Martial Law

Abstract

The article examines the features of Ukraine’s social policy under the conditions of governmental decentralization, taking into account the challenges posed by the full-scale war. The authors analyze current trends and problems in the social sector during wartime, including the reduction in the share of budgetary social expenditures against the backdrop of rising defense costs, the increased burden on the social protection system due to internal displacement and unemployment. The role of decentralization in strengthening the capacity of territorial communities to respond to social needs during crisis period is highlighted. The article analyzes state programs for the social support of war-affected populations (particularly, cash assistance to internally displaced persons (IDPs) and employment promotion programs), as well as recent changes in their administration – such as the introduction of more targeted aid since March 2024 aimed at optimizing budgetary resources. The article outlines the scale and financial support of IDPs within the framework of wartime social policy. It also covers positive developments such as the integration of digital services («Diia») for delivering social assistance, collaboration with international donors, and the engagement of civil society and volunteer organizations in population support. Despite critical wartime challenges, decentralization has proven to be a key factor in enhancing the resilience of local social policy systems. However, the article also identifies persisting issues – financial instability in local communities, uneven regional development, and the lack of unified standards for social service provision. It is established that the war has compelled the state to reduce the scope of social programs and reallocate resources toward national security, while at the same time implementing mechanisms for targeted support of the most vulnerable groups. The article concludes that improving the effectiveness of social policy in a decentralized environment during wartime requires coordinated efforts between the state and local authorities, the enhancement of financial mechanisms for local-level support, expanded cooperation with international donors, and increased public engagement in decision-making processes. Practical recommendations are proposed for improving national social policy under the conditions of decentralization and martial law.