Theoretical and scientific approaches to assessing the effectiveness of environmental and economic projects

Abstract

Introduction. Evaluating the effectiveness of environmental and economic projects is an important component of a systematic approach to managing sustainable development, as it allows for the alignment of economic interests with environmental priorities. Today, special attention is paid to integrative evaluation methods that include not only financial indicators but also environmental benefits, social effects, and impact on environmental quality. This approach ensures evidence-based decision-making on the feasibility of implementing and supporting specific environmental and resource conservation projects. The relevance of the topic is also due to the need to develop universal criteria and methodologies that will allow comparing projects in terms of their environmental efficiency, economic benefits, and social significance. Therefore, it becomes necessary to study theoretical and scientific approaches to assessing the effectiveness of environmental and economic projects in the context of sustainable development.

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to develop methodological approaches and tools for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of environmental and economic projects in order to improve their efficiency and promote sustainable development.

Materials and methods. The methodology of this study is based on an integrated approach that covers theoretical and practical aspects of assessing the effectiveness of environmental and economic projects to achieve positive results in the environmental field. To achieve the objectives of the study, a number of methods were used to consider the results of the implementation of environmental and economic projects.

The results. The article analyzes in detail the essence of the economic and environmental effect of project implementation and the ways to assess the effectiveness of an environmental and economic project. The author also proposes to assess the effectiveness of environmental and economic projects based on the following criteria: cost-benefit analysis, including return on investment; assessment of the project's environmental impact, including pollution reduction and conservation of natural resources; study of the project's impact on the quality of life, job creation, and social justice; assessment of the use of innovative technologies and their impact on productivity and cost reduction; analysis of the project's financial stability, including the ability to The article notes that when implementing environmental and economic projects, it is necessary to take into account the presence of a synergistic effect, which is determined for the supply - production - consumption chain.

Prospects. The analysis and coverage of theoretical and scientific approaches to assessing the effectiveness of environmental and economic projects made it possible to form promising areas for improving methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of their implementation, which will comprehensively take into account environmental, economic, social, and technological aspects.