Technical and economic analysis of current methods of electricity generation in Ukraine and an overview of existing problems

Abstract

The purpose of the study is a technical and economic analysis of current methods of electricity generation in Ukraine, as well as an overview of existing problems in this area. The relevance of the study is determined by the critical situation in the energy sector of Ukraine, caused by large-scale destruction as a result of hostilities. Significant losses of power generating capacity, constant power outages and problems with transparency in the energy sector create an urgent need for the development and implementation of effective recovery strategies. Considering the importance of energy independence and sustainability, the research is aimed at finding optimal solutions to ensure stable energy supply in conditions of constant threats. Methods. The comparison method was used to evaluate the efficiency and economy of different types of generators: diesel, gasoline, and gas piston. Economic analysis: evaluation of the economic efficiency of various types of energy-generating equipment, such as gas-piston cogeneration machines, gasoline and diesel generators, solar and wind power plants. Empirical research: study of real examples of the implementation of energy projects in Ukraine, in particular, the successful implementation of a gas piston plant in Zhytomyr and the Kyiv region. Results. The study revealed the catastrophic consequences of hostilities for Ukraine's energy sector, including the destruction of critical infrastructure and power outages in more than 500 settlements. The analysis showed that gas-piston cogeneration units are the most economically beneficial for replacing destroyed generation, surpassing gasoline and diesel generators. The effectiveness of government financial programs and international aid has been confirmed, and recommendations include the creation of distributed energy capacities based on gas piston machines connected to local CHP and gas networks, and the development of a strategy for their implementation. Conclusions. The practical value of the article lies in improving Ukraine's energy security, ensuring stable energy supply even in conditions of constant hostilities. The use of gas-piston cogeneration units allows to reduce the costs of electricity production, which is important for the economic stability of the country. The article also provides specific recommendations for the restoration of the destroyed energy infrastructure, which contributes to the rapid and effective restoration of the energy system of Ukraine.