Accounting and Analytical Support for Export Credit to Enterprises in the Context of the Development of Foreign Economic Activity

Abstract

This article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of accounting and analytical support for export credit to enterprises in the context of the development of foreign economic activity. The importance of export credit as one of the key instruments for supporting national exports, ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises, and stimulating the country’s economic development is substantiated. It is determined that the effectiveness of the export credit system largely depends on the proper organization of accounting, tax control, and analytical support for foreign economic operations.

The aim of the study is to analyze the peculiarities of organizing accounting and taxation of export credit for enterprises, identify problematic aspects of financial control over export operations, and justify directions for improving accounting and analytical support in the context of the digitalization of the economy. The study employs general scientific and specialized research methods, including analysis and synthesis, the systems approach, comparison, generalization, and logical analysis. The theoretical basis of the study consists of scientific works by domestic and foreign scholars on accounting, export credit, financial control, and state support for foreign economic activity.

The article establishes that modern enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity face the need to accurately record foreign exchange transactions, account for credit resources, determine exchange rate differences, and comply with tax legislation. It is demonstrated that an analytical accounting system plays a crucial role in ensuring the effectiveness of export activities, as it enables control over settlements with non-residents, monitoring of financial flows, and assessment of the performance of export operations. Particular attention is paid to the study of state export support mechanisms, including export credit insurance, guarantees for foreign economic contracts, preferential lending, and the activities of export credit agencies.

As a result of the study, the need to improve the accounting system for export credit financing was substantiated through the automation of financial control, the implementation of modern digital platforms, and the integration of financial, tax, and management accounting. It has been established that the use of information technologies contributes to increasing the efficiency of financial information processing, minimizing the risk of errors, and strengthening internal control over export operations. A study of international experience has made it possible to identify promising directions for adapting state export support mechanisms to the conditions of the Ukrainian economy.

The conclusions state that the effective functioning of the export credit system requires comprehensive accounting and analytical support, improved tax control, the development of digital technologies, and increased government support for exporters. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the proposed approaches to improve the organization of accounting, financial control, and management of enterprises’ export operations. Prospects for further research include the development of modern methods for automating the accounting of export operations, improving mechanisms for managing currency risks, and adapting international financial reporting standards to the operating conditions of Ukrainian enterprises.